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7 recommendations for 7th BEC convention

MALAYSIA is gearing up for its seventh Bumiputera Economic Congress (BEC), scheduled from February 29 to March 2, marking another in a series of ad hoc government-sponsored conventions.

The historical trajectory of BECs has been variegated, but the spirited promotion of BEC2024 by the Anwar Ibrahim administration with their Madani Economic Framework suggests a potentially promising impact.

Reflecting on past BECs, the inaugural event in 1965 and its successor in 1968 catalyzed the establishment of institutions like Bank Bumiputera and MARA (Majlis Amanah Rakyat, the Council of Trust for the People), ushering in broader interventions favoring Bumiputeras. The subsequent BECs in 1980 and 1992, during the era of UMNO dominance, saw intermittent reaffirmations of the Bumiputera agenda. Simply because the ruling elites deemed regular reaffirmation unnecessary.

Fast forward to the aftermath of the United Malays National Organisation’s fall in the May 2018 general election. Two successive BECs in September 2018 and 2020 failed to gain significant traction. The September 2018 Congress on the Future of the Bumiputera and Nation appeared rushed, lacking buy-in from Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, and overshadowed by post-election euphoria. The September 2020 sessions, organised by the Malay Consultative Council and endorsed by the Muhyiddin Yassin administration, mainly assured the continuity of the agenda. All BECs are inherently politically inspired, with some actually influencing policy outcomes.

Views of a Luminary

In this vein, Dr. Lee Hwok Aun, a senior fellow at ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute, came up with seven suggestions to enhance the substantive and constructive nature of the seventh BEC:

1. Clarify Policy Objectives: Instead of defending BEC as a majority right, proponents should articulate specific goals. BEC2024 offers an opportunity to specify policies focused on promoting participation and capability in higher education, management, high-skilled positions, and business ownership, fostering clarity and understanding among Malaysians.

2. Set New Goals: Shift the focus from the traditional 30 per cent equity ownership target to contemporary objectives like the quantity and quality of Bumiputera enterprises. Prioritise targets such as emphasizing growth in mid-tier companies for dynamic, innovative, and competitive outcomes.

3. Emphasize Higher Education: While BEC centers on Bumiputera entrepreneurship, acknowledging that community advancement hinges on education is essential. Give due emphasis to the effectiveness of colleges and universities in reaching disadvantaged students and delivering quality education.

4. Conduct Rigorous Research: Delve into the experiences of the past decade, especially focusing on Teraju, the government agency overseeing Bumiputera economic transformation (BETR). Lessons from novel programs and schemes can inform future policymaking.

5. Apply Lessons Universally: Extend insights gained from the past decade to the entire network of Bumiputera programs, offering valuable lessons in grooming small businesses and targeting disadvantaged individuals.

6. Foster Inclusion: Recognize the diversity within the Bumiputera community and deliver on promises to prioritize low-income Bumiputeras, the indigenous Orang Asli, and Sabah and Sarawak Bumiputeras. Consider opening exclusive programs to other groups or introducing parallel initiatives for all Malaysians.

7. Monitor Progress Vigilantly: Establish robust implementation mechanisms and a coordinating authority while emphasizing the ongoing need for vigilance in monitoring progress and demanding results, particularly considering the historical baggage of Bumiputera policies and related unfinished business.

As the seventh Bumiputera Economic Congress unfolds, these suggestions aim to strike a judicious balance between historical continuity and progressive change, contributing to the overarching goal of the Unity Government.

Rome wasn’t built in a day

Nation-building is the responsibility of all. We need to tackle the bull by its horns. Realising the Madani Economy and BEC requires us to embrace the overarching mission of restructuring the country’s economy.

The pursuit of economic prosperity requires a shift in focus from short-term fluctuations to long-term structural reforms. The true measure of economic success lies not only in achieving dazzling and mesmerising economic metrics but also in the realisation of comprehensive economic goals.

Rather than being fixated on transient indicators influenced by cyclical and seasonal variations, attention should be directed towards the enduring structural reforms that underpin a resilient economy. Failure to do so risks rendering the BEC a mere aspiration, echoing the sentiment of the Malay proverb, “Indah khabar dari rupa” (too good to be true).

In conclusion, the Spanish writer and philosopher George Santayana aptly said, “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” While Einstein didn’t actually say, “Insanity is doing the same thing repeatedly and expecting different results,” So what are your thoughts on the BEC? In the national interest, please let it be made known to our leaders! – NST

Samirul Ariff Othman currently serves as a senior consultant at Global Asia Consulting (GAC) and has a background as a senior researcher at the Malaysian Institute of Economic Research. Samirul has been engaged as a consultant for government agencies and international institutions. The viewpoints articulated are solely those of the author.

 

Tujuh cadangan utama untuk kongres ke-7 KEB

MALAYSIA mengadakan Kongres Ekonomi Bumiputera (KEB) dari 29 Februari hingga 2 Mac. Ia adalah konvensyen ketujuh dalam siri konvensyen ad hoc tajaan kerajaan. Sejarah menunjukkan bahawa KEB ini pernah mengalami pasang surutnya pada masa lalu. Walau bagaimanapun, promosi bersemangat KEB2024 oleh pentadbiran Anwar Ibrahim menunjukkan bahawa ia mungkin lebih penting kali ini.

Konvensyen KEB yang pertama pada tahun 1965, bersama dengan KEB kedua pada tahun 1968, mendorong penubuhan institusi seperti Bank Bumiputera dan MARA (Majlis Amanah Rakyat), serta pengembangan lebih luas untuk dasar-dasar yang mengutamakan Bumiputera. Kedua KEB seterusnya diadakan pada tahun 1980 dan 1992, semasa zaman penguasaan Umno di mana elit pemerintah menganggap bahawa agenda Bumiputera tidak memerlukan pengesahan yang konsisten. Mereka menganggap bahawa konfigurasi semula yang sekali-sekala akan memadai.

Setelah kejatuhan bersejarah Umno pada pilihan raya umum Mei 2018, Malaysia menyaksikan dua KEB berturut-turut yang tidak menarik perhatian ramai. Persembahannya pada September 2018 yang bertajuk Kongres Masa Depan Bumiputera dan Negara terlalu tergesa-gesa dan kelihatannya tidak mendapat sokongan daripada Perdana Menteri Mahathir Mohamad, dan mungkin dibayangi oleh euforia selepas pilihan raya.

Sesi September 2020 yang dianjurkan oleh Majlis Perundingan Melayu dan dirasmikan serta disahkan oleh pentadbiran Muhyiddin Yassin, secara umumnya memberi jaminan bahawa agenda tersebut akan diteruskan. Dalam erti kata lain, semua KEB berinspirasikan politik; ada yang sebenarnya mempengaruhi dasar.

Tujuh cadangan

Dalam semangat ini, berikut merupakan tujuh cadangan untuk menggalakkan KEB ketujuh yang substantif dan membina.

Pertama, jelaskan sebab wujudnya dasar tersebut. Apabila disoal tentang sebab KEB perlu diadakan, penyokong yang paling lantang cenderung untuk mempertahankannya sebagai hak majoriti. Pendapat ini bukan sahaja gagal memberi pencerahan tetapi ia juga menyemarakkan polarisasi antara Bumiputera dan masyarakat-masyarakat yang lain.

KEB2024 memberi peluang untuk menunjukkan bahawa dasar-dasar dalam lingkungannya melibatkan langkah-langkah khas untuk menggalakkan penyertaan dan keupayaan khususnya dalam pendidikan tinggi, pengurusan dan jawatan berkemahiran tinggi, serta memiliki dan mengendalikan perniagaan. Rakyat Malaysia berhak diberikan pemahaman yang lebih jelas tentang dasar tersebut dan bagaimana ia sesuai dengan pelbagai dasar pemerkasaan berasaskan kumpulan, seperti Tekun yang menawarkan pinjaman perniagaan kecil untuk Bumiputera—dan untuk kaum India.

Kedua, mencadangkan matlamat penggerak baru. Tumpuan utama KEB untuk membangunkan perusahaan yang dinamik, inovatif dan kompetitif berpunca daripada pengakuan atas kekurangan meruncing. Agenda Bumiputera tertumpu kepada 30 peratus pemilikan ekuiti selama beberapa dekad. Ini menghalang kemajuan dalam tiga aspek: mengutamakan pemerolehan dan bukan produktiviti; mengehadkan pemilikan kepada ekuiti sambil mengecualikan pelbagai aset lain seperti tanah; dan mengekalkan perdebatan sengit tentang pengiraan pengagihan ekuiti mengikut etnik. Pemilikan ekuiti semakin terputus hubungan dengan keutamaan semasa—dan harus berhenti menjadi titik perhimpunan.

Ia akan lebih berkesan jika matlamat KEB didorong oleh sasaran seperti kuantiti dan kualiti perusahaan Bumiputera, dan perkembangan dalam syarikat peringkat sederhana. Di kalangan perusahaan Bumiputera, syarikat peringkat mikro, kecil dan sederhana membentuk 88 peratus, 11 peratus dan satu peratus daripada jumlah keseluruhan. Sebaliknya, di kalangan syarikat bukan Bumiputera, 69 peratus diklasifikasikan sebagai mikro, 28 peratus sebagai kecil dan tiga peratus sebagai sederhana.

Ketiga, jangan mengabaikan pendidikan tinggi. Walaupun KEB akan menumpukan keusahawanan Bumiputera, kemajuan masyarakat bergantung secara kritikal kepada pemupukan ilmu dan kemahiran yang kekal melalui sistem pendidikan. Keberkesanan kolej dan universiti dalam mendekati para pelajar yang paling kurang bernasib baik, dan dalam menyampaikan pendidikan yang berkualiti, harus diberi penekanan yang sewajarnya.

Keempat, menjalankan penyelidikan yang berfokus dan teliti, terutamanya tentang pengalaman dekad yang lalu. Teraju, sebuah agensi di bawah Kementerian Ekonomi, diasaskan pada 2012 dan diberi mandat untuk menyelia Transformasi Ekonomi Bumiputera (BETR), telah melaksanakan beberapa program unik dan eksperimental yang mungkin akan menghasilkan pengajaran yang berharga. Hasilnya telah dilaporkan, tetapi hanya sedikit diketahui tentang prosesnya.

Salah satu pencapaian BETR yang telah dipuji ialah skim “carve out and compete” untuk projek mega yang memperuntukkan sebahagian kontrak untuk syarikat-syarikat Bumiputera. Pada nilai muka, istilah ini memberi bayangan bahawa pembidaan kompetitif adalah ramuan kejayaan—tetapi ini adalah kesimpulan yang salah.

Penyelidikan saya tentang proses pemerolehan Transit Aliran Massa (MRT) di Kuala Lumpur mendapati bahawa program pembangunan kontraktor Bumiputera, terutamanya untuk kontraktor kecil, lebih tepat digambarkan sebagai “select and nurture”. Pengurus projek menapis pemohon dan memberikan kontrak melalui proses pengundian. Yang penting, kontraktor utama dan institusi kewangan Bumiputera PKS, PUNB, memberikan bimbingan dan sokongan.

Inisiatif-inisiatif Teraju, seperti projek Teras yang melantikan syarikat “berprestasi tinggi” untuk diberi keutamaan dalam perolehan awam, atau geran Skim Usahawan Permulaan Bumiputera (SUPERB) untuk usahawan muda, belum dikaji dengan secukupnya. Teraju masih merupakan agensi yang penting dari segi pembangunan Bumiputera dan beroperasi secara lebih dinamik berbanding dengan agensi sejawatnya yang lebih tua, dan berada dalam kedudukan yang baik untuk menyumbang ilmu kepada penggubalan dasar.

Kelima, mengamalkan pengajaran kepada seluruh sistem. Program-program Bumiputera dilaksanakan oleh rangkaian jabatan dan agensi kerajaan yang besar di peringkat persekutuan dan negeri. Hasil kajian dari dekad yang lalu boleh memberi gambaran tentang seluruh rangkaian. Ini termasuk pengajaran tentang pelatihan perniagaan kecil, dan juga tentang menyasarkan Bumiputera yang kurang bernasib baik untuk memupuk bakat mereka. Contoh yang baik ialah inisiatif dinamik Yayasan Peneraju yang menaja latihan ikhtisas, teknikal, dan kepakaran.

Keenam, memupuk keterangkuman di kalangan masyarakat Bumiputera dan seluruh masyarakat. Golongan “Bumiputera” merangkumi 70 peratus penduduk Malaysia dan merupakan golongan yang berstrata dan berbagai-bagai. Secara konsisten, kerajaan telah menunjukkan keutamaan terhadap Bumiputera yang berpendapatan rendah, Orang Asli di Semenanjung Malaysia, dan juga Bumiputera di Sabah dan Sarawak yang kurang mendapat faedah berbanding dengan Bumiputera Melayu. KEB2024 harus bertekad untuk menunaikan janji-janji tersebut dengan tegas.

KEB2024 juga boleh mula mempertimbangkan untuk membuka program yang sebelum ini eksklusif kepada Bumiputera, kepada kumpulan lain atau memperkenalkan program-program selari untuk semua rakyat Malaysia. Ini adalah permintaan yang sukar, tetapi mungkin agensi yang muda dan cekap seperti Yayasan Peneraju boleh mengetuai usaha untuk menunjukkan kemungkinan perubahan tersebut. Ini adalah harapan yang adil memandangkan komitmen ekonomi Madani terhadap memastikan kesaksamaan peluang untuk semua.

Ketujuh, memantau kemajuan dengan berwaspada, dan menuntut hasil. Seperti biasa dalam pelan tindakan di Malaysia, mekanisme pelaksanaan serta pihak penyelaras akan ditubuhkan. Namun begitu, keharusan untuk mengekalkan usaha gigih tidak boleh dilebih-lebihkan, terutamanya bagi dasar-dasar Bumiputera yang menanggung beban sejarah dan urusan yang belum selesai.

Kongres Ekonomi Bumiputera yang ketujuh ini boleh dikatakan meneruskan sebuah projek besar yang membangkitkan campuran emosi seperti antisipasi dan kegelisahan. Ia diharapkan bahawa tujuh cadangan di atas dapat membantu Kerajaan Perpaduan mencapai keseimbangan yang arif.

 

 

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