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Jurang Digital: Sabah, Sarawak, Bumiputera Dan Perjuangan Normal Baharu

Saya menyambut baik kenyataan ringkas Dato’ Abdul Rahman Dahlan berkenaan jurang digital yang wujud di Malaysia. Krisis COVID-19 dan PKP yang dilaksanakan telah meningkatkan, secara mendadak, kebergantungan masyarakat dan ekonomi terhadap sistem dan penyampaian secara digital atau atas talian.

Kebergantungan ini pula mendedahkan betapa besarnya jurang digital tersebut. Ternyata kelompok yang tinggal di bandar, lebih fasih dengan bahasa Inggeris dan berstatus ekonomi menengah ke atas lebih selesa, mudah dan bersedia untuk menerima faedah dari peralihan ini.

Fenomena ini menuntut semakan menyeluruh terhadap kerangka pembuatan dasar termasuk mengubah cara kita berfikir tentang konsep pembangunan itu sendiri.

Contoh ringkas,
a) Kalau dahulu pembangunan infrastruktur sering kali dikaitkan dengan pembinaan jalan, hospital, sekolah dan sebagainya, hari ini walaupun masih ada keperluan perkara asas tersebut, sudah wujud dimensi baharu yakni infrastuktur digital.

b) Kalau dahulu kita bercakap tentang 3M Membaca, Menulis, Mengira. Sekarang ada 4M termasuk Mengaturcara Komputer (coding).

Status sekarang belum memuaskan.

Misalnya,

– penembusan Internet jalur lebar di Putrajaya 96% berbanding kawasan luar bandar Sarawak hanya sekitar 70%. Malah dalam negeri sama juga boleh wujud jurang tersebut seperti di Sabah – kawasan bandar 94%, luar bandar 85%.

– kualiti rangkaian 4G: 84% masa, penduduk di Lembah Klang, Pulau Pinang, Johor Bahru boleh berhubung kepada rangkaian 4G berbanding kawasan pedalaman seperti Sabah, Sarawak dan sebahagian kawasan lain di Semenanjung hanya 44%.

– dapatan Kementerian Pendidikan awal PKP menunjukkan 37% pelajar tidak memiliki peranti mudah alih untuk sebarang pembelajaran atas talian.

– menurut Pengarah Pendidikan Sabah, 52% pelajar di Sabah tidak mempunyai akses internet, telefon pintar, komputer atau apa-apa peranti mudah alih

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Topik jurang digital ini amat meluas, tetapi selain menggesa Kerajaan menyelesaikan masalah, ini antara cadangan umum untuk diperhalusi.

Untuk jangka pendek, selagi krisis COVID-19 ini berpanjangan, fokuskan membantu nasib kelompok tertentu tanpa perlu usaha yang mengambil masa lama. Contohnya

A. Bantu peniaga kecil dari segi capaian pasaran dan operasi atas talian seperti dengan penggalakan penggunaan platform pasaran (marketplace). Tidak semestinya Kerajaan perlu bina platform tersebut; kadang-kala usahasama dengan pihak swasta adalah jalan terbaik.

Antara contoh yang tersedia adalah usaha e-bazar Makmur Johor baru-baru ini dimana Kerajaan negeri dan PBT bekerjasama dengan syarikat GetMakan disamping memberi geran kepada peniaga untuk menggunakan platform tersebut. Serupa, PahangMart menyediakan peluang untuk ribuan peniaga. Pokoknya, Kerajaan tak perlu buat semua dari A-Z sebaliknya menggunakan ruang dasar dan kewangan untuk mempermudah dan menggalakkan adaptasi digital.

B. Kita tak boleh lari dari hakikat masalah kelompok yang kurang kemampuan memiliki peranti. Sehebat mana pun jalur lebar kita jika ramai yang tiada komputer riba jauh sekali iPad, masalah tidak selesai.

Kerajaan barangkali tidak boleh menyelesaikan isu ini untuk semua dalam jangka masa pendek, tetapi keutamaan harus diberikan kepada bidang pendidikan (memandangkan masalah yang telah dikupas diatas). Pada tahun 2010 Kerajaan BN melancarkan Skim Komputer Riba 1Malaysia yang menyedia laptop percuma kepada lebih sejuta rakyat berpendapatan rendah.

Konsep serupa boleh diperhalusi oleh Kerajaan sekarang dengan pelaksanaan yang disesuaikan dengan keadaan semasa. Baik PKP atau tidak PKP, kita mahu elakkan situasi berpanjangan dimana sekolah swasta boleh adakan kelas online, tetapi sekolah kebangsaan terhad atau langsung tidak.

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Apapun usaha jangka pendek, penyelesaian hakiki kepada dilema jurang digital ini hanya akan datang dengan revolusi jangka panjang.

Dalam konteks perjuangan UMNO itu sendiri, ini antara cabaran kelangsungan bangsa abad ke-21. Tiada guna retorik semata jika tidak disusuli penyelesaian yang membantu seluruh masyarakat termasuk golongan Bumiputera menjuarai ekonomi baru.

C. Infrastruktur digital yang menyeluruh. Tetapkan matlamat penembusan jalur lebar yang lengkap segenap geografi dan laksanakan secepat mungkin. Semak semula Pelan Gentian Optik dan Kesalinghubungan Negara (NFCP). Walaupun dilancarkan oleh Kerajaan sebelum ini, jika yang elok kekalkan, jika yang kurang, tambahbaik.

D. Tambah pendedahan golongan Bumiputera dalam penggunaan solusi digital. Bantuan pemasaran atas platform-platform antarabangsa dalam apa sahaja jenis perniagaan baik dari produk pertanian di Agrobazaar Online (diperkenalkan Kerajaan BN tahun 2014) sehinggalah ke menjual barangan di Shoppee dan Lazada ke negara jiran. Biar Bumiputera bersaing dan menang di persada dunia.

E. Selain menjadi pengguna digital yang bijak untuk meraih pulangan ekonomi, lahirkan lebih ramai Bumiputera sebagai pencipta dan pemilik teknologi.

Kelak, daripada 10 “startup” cemerlang dari Malaysia yang mendapat pelaburan dari luar negara dan sebagainya, sasarkan 7 atau 8 syarikat Bumiputera. Ini menuntut strategi menyeluruh dari kelas koding di semua sekolah luar bandar sehinggalah pelaburan dana Kerajaan melalui agensi seperti Mavcap untuk solusi digital. Pastikan pelaburan itu ada elemen capaian geografi supaya bukan hanya syarikat KL sahaja yang dapat pelaburan malah yang di Perlis, Pahang, Kelantan juga diberi perhatian khas supaya mampu berkembang pesat menjangkaui negeri asal. Ramai yang berkecimpung dalam sektor ini adalah anak muda, jadi anggaplah ia sebagai pelaburan jangka panjang.

Cukuplah kita jadi juara pengguna Facebook dan WhatsApp paling setia, tapi belum ada anak Melayu yang dibantu cipta syarikat se-Liga dengan Facebook, WhatsApp, Grab atau Taobao. Idea serupa mungkin ada. Tapi belum juara.

Terlalu banyak yang boleh dikupas mengenai jurang digital – dan ramai yang lebih pakar dalam hal ini. Namun ini antara cadangan perjuangan yang boleh kita juarai – membina atas landasan yang telah tersedia. Dunia semakin mencabar dan andaikata tiada strategi mantap, jurang digital ini mampu memberi tamparan hebat kepada kedudukan sosioekonomi tidak lama lagi.

Mungkin ada di antara kita (tidak semua) yang berumur 30an atau 40an “terselamat” kerana sudah ada kerja dan punca pendapatan dalam paradigma ekonomi sedia ada. Tetapi anak kita, cucu kita belum tentu terbela nasibnya jika jurang digital ini tidak ditangani segera.

Dalam dunia di mana ada anggaran bahawa hampir separuh anak murid di sekolah rendah akan bekerja dalam pekerjaan yang tidak wujud pun hari ini, kita tiada pilihan selain mendakap ungkapan popular “normal baharu” dalam erti kata yang lebih besar – merencana dan melaksana sesuatu yang berani sekarang supaya ekonomi digital, IR4.0 atau apa sahaja terma yang diguna, menjadi lembaran baru kecemerlangan, dan bukan sebaliknya fenomena pengancam.

Shahril Hamdan
Ketua Penerangan UMNO Malaysia

Digital gap: Sabah, Sarawak, Bumiputera and the new normal

I WELCOME the brief statement by Dato’ Abdul Rahman Dahlan on the digital gap in Malaysia. The Covid-19 pandemic and MCO have drastically increased the people’s and economic dependency on digital news dissemination system or online.

It somehow exposes how big the digital gap is. It is well-known that those in urban areas are more conversant in English and comprise the middle-income bracket and above, more comfort living, having easy access and more ready to reap the benefits of such evolution.

Such a phenomenon demands comprehensive revision of our mindset.

The instances, in brief are,

a) If previous infrastructure developments were linked to road building, hospitals, schools and others, its dimension has eloped to digital infrastructure although it still contains such elements.

b) If we used to talk about 3M (read, write, calculate), it is now more on 4M which includes computer programming or coding.

The current status is not satisfactory.

For instance,

  • Broadbank Internet penetration rate in Putrajaya is 96% as compared to Sarawak rural areas which is around 70%. In fact, such a gap may exist in Sabah – 94% in urban and 85% in rural areas.
  • Quality of 4G network: 84% per cent users in the Klang Valley, Penang and Johor Bahru have access to 4G compared with 44 per cent in remote Sabah, Sarawak and some areas in the Peninsular.
  • Findings of the Education Ministry at the early stage of the MCO shows 37% students did not have any online facility.
  • According to Sabah’s director of education, 52% students did not have internet access, smart phone, computer or any online apparatus.

The topic on digital gap is wide-range but apart from urging the government to resolve it, here are short term suggestion to be defined further. Should Covid-19 crisis prolongs, we must focus on effort to assist certain sectors of the community that doesn’t require much time.

For example:

A) Asisst traders in online marketing and operation such as encouraging them to use the marketplace platform. Not necessary for the government to prepare the platform as joint-venture with the private sector is the best avenue.

Among the best examples are the e-bazaar Makmur Johor recently where the state government and the local council cooperated with GetMakan, besides giving our special grants to traders to utilise such platforms. Similarly, PahangMart provided such opportunity to thousands of traders. The bottom line is, the government does not have to provide everything from A-Z but manages its policy and financial strength to make easy the digital adaptation.

B). We can’t escape those who are not well-equipped with such apparatus. No matter how excellent our broadband is, it will be of no use if many out there are still without laptops and let alone iPads.

The government might not able to resolve the issue in a short duration but priority must be given to our education sector (as mentioned above). The government launched Skim Komputer Riba 1Malaysia in 2010 which provided free laptop to more than a million low-income households.

The same concept can be reviewed by the present government and accommodate it with the current situation. Whether with or without MCO, we want to avoid such a situation to prolong when schools can always adapt to online classes.

Whatever the short term planning is, amicable solution to the digital gap must be overcome fast if we want to stay in parallel with the long term revolution.

In UMNO struggle context, this is among challenges in the 21st Century. No point being rhetoric if it is not follow up towards overcoming the issue should the Bumiputeras want to champion the new millennium.

C) Comprehensive digital infrastructure. Set the target for broadband penetration rate as soon as possible, revise the Fiber-Optic Connectivity Plan (NFCP). Although the government launched it, enhance and upgrade it.

D). Open up Bumiputera participation in digitalised solution application. Marketing assistance in global platform for any business, from agricultural products at Agrobazaar Online (introduced in 2014) to goods at Shoppee and Lazada. Let the Bumiputeras compete and gain internationally.

E). Besides becoming smart users in digital applications, produce more Bumiputera entrepreneurs in technology inventing and ownership.

Later on, from just 10 outstanding Malaysian ‘startups’ which draw foreign investment, set the target that 7 or 8 are Bumiputera companies. This demands a comprehensive strategy from coding classes in rural schools to government investment through agencies like Mavcap. Ensure that it meets the geographical target so that all business, not in KL only, attract investment, but those in Perlis and Pahang and Kelantan too deserve special attention as in enabling them to expand. Most of whom are the youths, so we should take it as a long term investment.

Enough of being loyal Facebook and WhatsApp users if no Malay youths are provided with assistance to come up with chain-business on FB, WhatsApp, Grab or Taobao. The idea might be there but there’s nothing to shout of.

Its a wide-range topic with so many experts. However, among the struggles towards this can be achieved with proper planning and implementation. Global challenges are getting stiff and for us to keep abreast with, as the digital gap can give us a big socioeconomic repercussion soon.

Some of us (not all) aged 30s or 40s might have escaped it for having jobs and income within the current economic paradigm but our next generations will face uncertainties should the digital gap is not properly-addressed soon.

In a world where there are already perceptions that almost half of primary school pupils will find employment that do not exist today, we have no option but to embrace the new normal in a larger contexts – planning and implementing something significant so that the digital economy, IR4.0 or whatever terminology used will bring about excellent results, and not otherwise.

 

SHAHRIL HAMDAN
UMNO Information Chief