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PdPR: Di Mana Muridnya? Peranan Semua Pihak Amat Penting – Mahdzir

ISU berkaitan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran di Rumah (PdPR) sekali lagi menarik perhatian untuk saya bicarakan selaku Ketua Pasukan Khas Pendidikan Barisan Nasional (BN) yang dipertanggungjawabkan kepada saya.

Ia rentetan bermula pada 13 dan 14 Jun lalu, proses PdPR 3.0 kembali mengambil tempat bagi semua murid dan pelajar sekolah selama 25 hari persekolahan sehingga cuti pertengahan penggal pada 16 Julai bagi negeri kumpulan A dan 17 Julai bagi negeri kumpulan B.

Sebelum itu pada 25 April 2021, Menteri Kanan Pendidikan, Datuk Dr. Radzi Jidin mengumumkan sesi PdPR 2.0 akan dilaksanakan selama 10 hari persekolahan selepas cuti Hari Raya Aidilfitri.

Dengan angka kes jangkitan COVID-19 yang masih tiada tanda penurunan yang signifikan selain sekatan pergerakan penuh yang berkuat kuasa 1 Jun lalu, saya sememangnya menjangkakan sesi persekolahan secara bersemuka tidak dapat dilaksanakan dan PdPR akan terus bersambung.

Menurut laporan Pertubuhan Pendidikan, Saintifik dan Kebudayaan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (UNESCO), sejumlah 203 juta pelajar di seluruh dunia terkesan dengan penutupan sekolah berikutan pandemik COVID-19.

Meneliti Manual PdPR Versi Dua yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) pada bulan Februari lalu, iaitu Perenggan 5.1 yang menyebut:-

“Tiada Murid Tercicir Dalam Pembelajaran – Sekolah perlu memastikan semua murid dapat mengikuti PdPR berdasarkan keperluan dan kesediaan mereka. Guru perlu mengenal pasti kaedah PdPR yang sesuai supaya murid dapat menguasai kandungan mata pelajaran yang ditetapkan. Guru hendaklah meneroka cara yang berbeza dan bersesuaian untuk kelangsungan dan peningkatan penglibatan murid dalam PdPR.”

Isu utama yang hendak saya bangkitkan adalah berkaitan kehadiran murid atau keberadaan murid yang mengikuti PdPR.

Kebimbangan saya ini adalah berasaskan kepada hasil kajian Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) yang mendapati kehadiran murid dalam proses PdPR tidak mencapai 80 peratus.

Dapatan kajian itu sungguh menakutkan bagi saya sebagai seorang bekas Pengetua Sekolah yang tentunya risau akan jumlah kehadiran muridnya ke kelas.

Mungkin dapatan kajian itu boleh dipertikaikan kerana proses PdPR mempunyai pelbagai mod iaitu ‘on-line’, ‘off-line’ dan ‘off-site’.

Dalam situasi kita sekarang, sukar untuk menyalahkan mana-mana pihak kerana hakikatnya banyak faktor mempengaruhi apa yang berlaku di rumah.

Secara mudah, para ibu bapalah yang seharusnya mengambil peranan dalam memastikan anak-anak mereka memasuki kelas dalam talian.

Angka kehadiran tidak mencapai 80 peratus itu sebenarnya boleh dianggap sebagai satu isu besar kepada proses PdPR secara keseluruhannya.

Persoalannya, adakah murid bosan dengan apa yang dihidangkan oleh guru menerusi PdPR?

Adakah PdPR tidak lagi mendatangkan keghairahan kepada murid untuk terus belajar secara norma baharu?

Atau murid sudah lelah dan penat mengadap skrin komputer atau gajet masing-masing?

Adakah murid kini lebih seronok tidak perlu lagi bangun di awal pagi untuk ke sekolah secara bersemuka dan lebih seronok berjaga hingga ke larut malam serta dapat bangun lewat?

Di sini mungkin peranan guru-guru kaunseling amat diperlukan untuk memperbaiki situasi yang timbul.

Pandangan Mantan Ketua Pengarah Pelajaran Malaysia, Datuk Dr. Amin Senin dalam satu kenyataannya kepada akhbar Utusan Malaysia baru-baru ini wajar diambil kira.

Murid katanya, tidak boleh memberikan fokus 100 peratus jika guru mengajar secara dalam talian dalam tempoh 30 hingga 40 minit mengikut jadual kelas biasa.

Menurut beliau lagi, tempoh pengajaran dalam talian perlu dipendekkan dengan menambah baik dan mempelbagaikan kaedah pengajaran seperti membuat video pendek tidak melebihi 10 minit.

Pendapat itu selari dengan kajian UKM yang diketuai oleh Prof. Madya Dr. Azlin Norhaini Mansor yang mendapati kebanyakan murid tidak memberikan fokus dalam PdPR kerana faktor suasana rumah kediaman yang tidak kondusif.

Sejumlah 70-80 peratus guru melaporkan, cabaran utama PdPR adalah kesukaran mendapatkan perhatian murid.

Kajian juga menunjukkan kaedah pengajaran guru kurang berkesan kerana kurang selari dengan tahap kebolehan dan pembelajaran murid.

Manakala 50-60 peratus guru tidak selesa melaksanakan pengajaran secara dalam talian dan 50-60 peratus guru melaksanakan PdPR antara satu hingga dua jam sahaja.

Kemahiran guru menggunakan peralatan IT pula hanya sekitar 50-60 peratus. Manakala hanya 40-50 peratus sahaja guru yang mahir mempelbagaikan pengajaran secara dalam talian.

Kajian juga menunjukkan komunikasi murid dan guru melalui PdPR sangat terbatas. Ada guru memberikan terlalu banyak latihan kepada murid hingga membebankan ibu bapa kerana terpaksa membantu anak-anak membuat latihan.

Guru pula terikat kerana perlu habiskan silibus selain perlu memberikan laporan sebagai bukti PdPR dilaksanakan.

Semua yang diutarakan itu mungkin sebahagiannya menjadi faktor penyumbang kepada masalah ketidakhadiran murid ke dalam kelas PdPR.

KPM seharusnya tampil mengemukakan segala data berkaitan proses PdPR secara komprehensif bagi membuka mata semua pihak terutama ibu bapa, khususnya berkaitan isu keciciran PdPR ini.

Satu mekanisme perlu dicari untuk mengelakkan murid daripada terus ‘menyepi’ di rumah dan tidak memasuki kelas PdPR tanpa rasa bersalah.

Mungkin tindakan tegas seperti hukuman gantung sekolah perlu dikuatkuasakan jika seseorang murid tidak hadir ke kelas PdPR tiga hari berturut-turut tanpa sebarang sebab munasabah.

Kementerian Pendidikan juga perlu melihat dari aspek teknikal dan teknologi yang mampu untuk memenuhi keperluan murid.

Langkah dan sumber kewangan yang luar biasa amat diperlukan untuk menangani segala permasalahan yang timbul berkaitan proses PdPR.

Pihak KPM juga harus ada ‘roadmap’ yang jelas untuk memulakan kembali sesi persekolahan secara bersemuka agar kebimbangan para ibu bapa terhadap jankitan COVID-19 di sekolah dapat dilenyapkan.

Seterusnya, sebaik sekolah mula dibuka, KPM perlu juga melakukan proses ‘rehalibitasi’ untuk murid-murid yang tidak dapat mengambil bahagian dalam PdPR.

Perlu ada jawapan komprehensif untuk memastikan tiada murid yang tertinggal di belakang akibat tidak dapat mengikuti PdPR secara dalam talian.

Dalam pada itu, kajian oleh Kesatuan Perkhidmatan Perguruan Kebangsaan Semenanjung Malaysia (NUTP), berkaitan pandangan ibu bapa tentang PdPR juga perlu diperhalusi.

Kajian ke atas 16,554 responden itu meminta agar pihak KPM meneliti masalah PdPR yang berlaku kini.

Antara keluhan ibu bapa adalah jadual belajar yang padat serta lambakan kerja sekolah. Ibu bapa yang tidak mempunyai latar pendidikan tinggi juga merasa terbeban untuk membantu anak-anak mereka menyiapkan kerja rumah atau projek yang diberikan.

Ada pihak mencadangkan agar satu modul khas yang mempunyai set arahan kepada ibu bapa supaya boleh memainkan peranan lebih sistematik dan berkesan dalam membantu anak-anak meneruskan proses pembelajaran di rumah.

Bercakap mengenai PdPR, paling berkait rapat adalah peranti atau gajet. Satu kajian lain pula menunjukkan, kurang 10 peratus murid mempunyai komputer riba yang sesuai untuk digunakan semasa PdPR.

Manakala Khazanah Research Institute dalam laporan kajiannya bertajuk ‘COVID-19 and Unequal Learning’ mendapati 37 peratus daripada 900,000 murid yang ditinjau oleh KPM, tidak memiliki alat peranti yang sesuai.

Itu juga satu lagi polemik yang masih membelenggu semua pihak dan masih gagal diurus dengan baik dalam isu memperkasa PdPR.

Masalah akses capaian internet khususnya di kawasan luar bandar dan bantuan alat peranti kepada pelajar dari kalangan keluarga B40 juga harus menjadi keutamaan kerajaan sekarang.

Insentif khas kepada warga guru dengan pemberian data internet tambahan untuk proses pengajaran secara digital, penambahbaikan sistem jalur lebar dan kos pembelian alat bantu mengajar secara digital perlu juga diberikan perhatian sewajarnya oleh pihak kerajaan.

Merujuk kepada pembentangan Belanjawan 2021, kerajaan sudah menyediakan peruntukan sebanyak RM50.4 bilion atau 15.6 peratus daripada keseluruhan perbelanjaan kerajaan kepada sektor pendidikan.

Jumlah itu menjadikan pendidikan sebagai sektor kedua tertinggi menerima peruntukan selepas sektor kesihatan.

Bagaimana pula dengan peruntukan untuk program pemberian komputer riba kepada murid?

Setakat 12 Jun 2021, dilaporkan sejumlah 40,290 unit komputer riba telah diserahkan kepada murid di seluruh negara hasil sumbangan daripada sektor korporat dan Syarikat Berkaitan Kerajaan (GLC).

Sewajarnya peruntukan tambahan yang lebih besar untuk projek bantuan komputer riba kepada murid dan penambahbaikan akses capaian internet di kawasan luar bandar menjadi keutamaan kerajaan dalam Belanjawan 2022 yang akan datang.

Apa sekalipun masalah yang timbul, jalan penyelesaiannya tetap ada jika kerajaan mempunyai iltizam yang tinggi untuk menerajui perubahan.

Masalah capaian internet jalur lebar di kawasan luar bandar misalnya, sudah ada solusinya jika mengambil kira perkhidmatan rangkaian jalur lebar terbaharu yang disediakan oleh anak syarikat Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) iaitu Allo Technology Sdn Bhd.

Perkhidmatan Allo menyediakan rangkaian fiber optik milik TNB sedia ada di seluruh Semenanjung yang membekalkan rangkaian internet berkualiti tinggi, terutama ke kawasan pinggir bandar dan luar bandar yang belum tersedia perkhidmatan sedemikian.

Satu kerjasama seharusnya dirangka secara terperinci antara pihak kerajaan dengan penyedia perkhidmatan jalur lebar itu bagi memberi manfaat kepada sektor pendidikan negara dan rakyat di luar bandar khususnya untuk menikmati akses internet itu. – UMNO ONLINE

Datuk Seri Mahdzir Khalid,
Naib Presiden UMNO merangkap
Ketua Pasukan Khas Pendidikan Barisan Nasional

Nota:

Penulis merupakan Mantan Menteri Pendidikan Malaysia (2015-2018) dan juga Ahli Parlimen Padang Terap serta Pengerusi TNB

PdPR: Who and where are the students? – Mahdzir

ISSUES  relating to Teaching and Learning at Home (PdPR) once again attracts my attention as Barisan Nasional’s Head of Special Education Team. The system which started on June 13-14 resumed again for 25 school days until the mid-term break on 16 July for group A and July 17 for group B states.
Prior to that, on 25 April 2021, the Senior Minister of Education Datuk Dr. Radzi Jidin announced that PdPR 2.0 session will be implemented for 10 schooling days after Hari Raya Aidilfitri.
With the number of Covid-19 infection cases still showing no significant decline under the lockdown on June 1, I really think face-to-face schooling sessions will not be feasible and PdPR will continue. According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) report, 203 million students worldwide were affected by school closures.
PdPR Manual Version Two issued by the Education Ministry in February, namely Paragraph 5.1 states that:-
“No Student Dropped Out in Learning – Schools need to ensure that all students can follow PdPR based on their needs and readiness. Teachers need to identify appropriate PdPR methods so that students can master the content of the prescribed subjects. Teachers must explore different and appropriate ways for the continuity and increase of student involvement in PdPR. ”
The main issue that I want to raise is related to the presence of students under PdPR. My concern is based on the study results by Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) which found that the attendance of students in the PdPR process did not even reach 80 per cent.
The findings were very frightening for me as a former principal who never took attendance for granted. Perhaps the findings can be disputed because the PdPR process has various modes, namely ‘on-line’, ‘off-line’ and ‘off-site’.
In our current situation, it is difficult to blame any party due to the fact that many factors influence what happens at home. Simply put, it is the parents who should take a role in ensuring their children enter online classes.
The attendance figure of less than 80 per cent can actually be considered a big issue to the PdPR process as a whole. The question is, are students bored with what is served by teachers? Does PdPR no longer inspire the students? Or are they tired of staring on their computer screens or gadgets?
Views of the former Education DG Datuk Dr. Amin Senin in Utusan Malaysia should be taken into account. Pupils, he said cannot give 100 per cent focus if teachers teach online for 30 to 40 minutes according to the regular class schedule.
According to him, the duration should be shortened by improving and diversifying teaching methods such as making short videos not exceeding 10 minutes.
The opinion is in line with a UKM study led by Prof Dr. Azlin Norhaini Mansor who found that most students did not focus in PdPR due to the unconducive residential environment. A total 70-80 per cent teachers reported that the main challenge of PdPR was the difficulty in getting students’ attention.
Studies also show that communication between students and teachers through PdPR is very limited. Some teachers give too much training to students to burden the parents because they have to help their children practice. Teachers, on the other hand, are bound because they have to complete the syllabus in addition to having provide a report as proof that the PdPR is implemented.
MOE should submit all data related to PdPR process comprehensively to woo all parties, especially parents, especially related to the issue of PdPR dropouts. A mechanism needs to be sought to prevent students from continuing to be ‘lonely’ at home and not entering PdPR classes without feeling guilty.
The MOE should also have a clear ‘roadmap’ to restart school sessions face to face so that parents’ worry can be eliminated.
Next, once the school starts to open, the MOE must also conduct a rehabilitation process for students who are unable to participate in PdPR. There needs to be a comprehensive answer to ensure that no student is left behind.
A study by the National Union of Teaching Professions of Peninsular Malaysia (NUTP) related to parents’ views on PdPR also needs to be refined. The 16,554 respondents requested MOE to examine the PdPR problem.
Meanwhile, Khazanah Research Institute in its research report entitled ‘Covid-19 and Unequal Learning’ found that 37 per cent of the 900,000 students surveyed did not have the appropriate devices. That is also another polemic that still plagues all parties.
The problem of internet access, especially in rural areas and the assistance of devices to students from B40 families should also be a priority to the government.
Referring to 2021 Budget, the government has provided an allocation of RM50.4 billion or 15.6 per cent of the total expenditure to the education sector. That makes education the second highest receiving sector after health.
What about the laptop allocation for students? As of June 12, 2021, it was reported that a total 40,290 units laptops had been handed nationwide as a result of contribution by the GLCs.
The problem of broadband access in rural areas, for example, has a solution if we take into account the latest broadband network services provided by Tenaga Nasional Berhad’s (TNB) subsidiary, Allo Technology Sdn Bhd.
Allo provides TNB’s existing fiber optic network throughout the Peninsula that provides high quality internet networks, especially to suburban and rural areas where such services are not yet available.
A collaboration should be drawn up in detail between the government and the broadband service providers to benefit the country’s education sector and the people in rural areas in particular to enjoy the internet access.
MAHDZIR KHALID
Vice-President